Moving to NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Moving to NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are moving to New York City, you will want to find a place to live before you begin classes.   As SIPA students, you may apply for Columbia University housing or you may explore the city and find a place on your own (or with the help of a broker). Looking for housing can be a daunting experience in New York City, but don’t panic â€" you will be able to find something! It is very possible to find affordable housing near campus. Although it may take a few intense days jam packed with appointments, every SIPA student finds a place to call home at a price that they are comfortable with. The map below gives you a good guide to the neighborhoods in Manhattan.   Columbia and SIPA are located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood. Inevitably, many students end up living in Morningside Heights and Manhattan Valley, which spans from roughly West 96th Street to West 125th Street, between Columbus Avenue and Riverside Drive, and is within walking distance of the SIPA building on 118th and Amsterdam. In general, expect to pay around $800-$1200 for a shared apartment in Morningside Heights or Manhattan Valley. Some students also live in the Upper West Side, which tends to be a little more expensive. Others live in Harlem, East Harlem, Hamilton Heights, and Washington Heights which are a little cheaper, but also a little farther from SIPA, which is something to keep in mind. Along those lines, other students choose to live outside of these neighborhoods and even further away from campus in areas such as Chelsea; Clinton; the West Village; the Upper East Side/Yorkville; Astoria, Queens; Brooklyn Heights; and Williamsburg, Brooklyn. This is completely an individual preference. It can be great to get away from campus everyday and enjoy and explore other neighborhoods. Be sure, however, to consider how much time it will take you to travel to school and how often you will be at school, as well as how much you will be spending on the subway, taxis, and/or buses. Most students are on campus at least Monday through Thursday, and sometimes on the weekends to meet for group projects or study. When looking for housing, Craigslist (www.craigslist.org) and Street Easy (http://streeteasy.com/) are good places to start. Be prepared, however, for a very busy marketâ€"many times apartments on Craigslist are rented shortly after they are posted. If you see something that you like, be proactive and contact the broker or building immediately. Another quirky fact about New York City’s rental market is that it can be very difficult to find an apartment without using a broker, which is basically like a real estate agent. Using a broker has great benefitsâ€"they have many listings, know what is available, and can help you find an apartment within your price range and in your desired neighborhood. The downside is that many charge a fee, and that fee is usually around one month’s rent. Depending on the broker, you may have some wiggle room in negotiating the precise fee. It is possible to find some that do not charge a fee though, so when looking at listings on Craigslist or other sites, search for “No Fee” apartments if that extra cost is something you hope to avoid. Regardless of where you decide to live, you should give yourself at least a couple weeks to find a place. The New York City rental market is tight and can be cutthroat. Therefore, it is important to be proactive and even somewhat aggressive. Most good apartments will rent within a few days of them being listed, so be ready to take an apartment right away if you like it. Important documents to have handy include: a copy of your Columbia acceptance letter (building management companies usually ask for proof of salary but obviously as students you do not have this) and your checkbook. It also helps to have a bank statement and/or other proof that you are able to pay the rent (a copy of your financial aid statement showing that you will be receiving loans might work for this purpose). Be sure to look at a few places. Nonetheless, if you really like the first place you see, don’t be afraid to take it.

The Role Of Communicative Intent For Communication Essay

Human beings communicate to be heard. However, not everyone is born with the innate ability to do so. Although it comes effortlessly to most of us, there are several people who struggle with communication every day. A person who cannot effectively communicate is limited in his/her ability to make decisions, to socially interact with others, to express basic wants and needs, and can be isolated from the world in many ways. There is a multiplicity of methods for communication, both verbal and nonverbal. Different types of communication include, but are not limited to, gestures, body language, sign language, picture exchange communication systems (PECS), and augmentative-alternative communication devices. It is important that we recognize the differences in each form of communication and their applications to learning. Research suggests between 25 and 61% of children who are diagnosed with autism use little or no functional speech to converse with others (Carson, Moosa, Theurer, Oram Cardy, 2012). The emergence of communicative intent can develop as early as two to three months of age and can be marked by gestures, vocalization, facial expression, gaze, and turn taking (Wankoff, 2011). Children with Down syndrome also exhibit delays in several areas of development, especially spoken language (Wright, Kaiser, Reikowsky Roberts, 2012). Early detection of possible speech, language and/or communication impairments is essential to beginning intervention as early as possible,Show MoreRelatedThe Communicative Language Teaching Method792 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communicative Language Teaching method, or CLT, is a product of the theory of communicated competence in language teaching. Communicative competence focuses on the ability of learners to comprehend and be comprehensible with a certain degree o f fluency. The advent of communicative competence signaled a change from the prevailing theory of linguistic competence which focused more on the form and structure of language. However, although CLT heavily focuses on communication with the beliefRead MoreContextual Information Is Considered Crucial For `` Thick Description `` Of Communication Events933 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered crucial for â€Å"thick description† of communication events. All actions that precede a particular behavior that might help one to interpret that behavior) and emergent contexts (all events that follow the behavior that might help one to interpret the behavior) adds to the understanding of interpersonal exchange. Communication contexts have been considered in many diverse ways. The first, is as a broad areas defining the field of communication, the second, as social settings (e.g. cocktailRead MoreNonverbal Communication : Uses For Children With Intellectual Disabilities968 Words   |   4 PagesNonverbal Communication: Uses for Children with Intellectual Disabilities An Intellectual Disability is when you have an IQ of 70 or less. These children have a lot of difficulties in may aspects of there lives. One of the areas they have the most trouble with is there ability to communicate and understand communication. In the article by McLaughlin and Cascella, they test to see if there is a way to teach six children, ages 8 to 13, with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, that didRead MoreEnhancing The Learners Communicative Language Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages2. Speaking Enhancing the learners’ communicative language ability to better express themselves or to effectively get the message across is among the essential objectives in English language teaching. One fundamental component of the communicative language ability is vocabulary (e.g. Meara, 1996; Bachman Palmer, 1996). And even more broadly, vocabulary is one vital component of communication (e.g. Levelt, 1993; Singleton, 1997). Earlier studies highlighted vocabulary connections with the fourRead MoreThe Significant Principles of Management Communications2466 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Research Paper: The Significant Principles of Management Communications Mia A. Rapier BUS 600: Management Communication with Technology Tools Instructor Cheryl Moore July 27, 2014 It’s been understood that â€Å"communication in business involves a complex set of unwritten rules governing speech, written correspondence and body language that varies in different parts of the world† (Ingram, 2014). Communication is the essential component of business, â€Å"from the entry-level manager to theRead MoreEnglish As A Second Or Foreign Language Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesdefined in terms of grammar and vocabulary and being taught predominantly in the mother tongue and through textbook material and grammar exercises† (Zhang Mi, 2010, p. 383; as cited in Wei, 2012). Therefore, the purpose of my project is to use communicative language teaching and cooperative learning approach to enhance EFL learners’ oral proficiency through multimedia. In the literature review, the following three themes are explored: oral proficiency of English language learners, approaches and practicesRead MorePrinciples Of Communicative Language Teaching2063 Words   |  9 PagesPrinciples of Communicative Language Teaching The ever-growing need for good communication skills in English has created a huge demand for English teaching all over the world. Nowadays, many people want to improve their command of English or to ensure that their children achieve a good command of English. The worldwide ultimatum for English has created a gigantic demand for quality language teaching, language teaching materials and resources, and appropriate teaching methodologies. Accordingly, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Macaques1748 Words   |  7 PagesThis can be interpreted as these primates using an intentional, conscious means of communication. Review article by Waller, Whitehouse, Micheletta (2016) presented a different perspective to the emotional implications of facial expression, suggesting that facial expressions act as a â€Å"predictive framework† that forecast possible future behavior (Waller et al., 2016). It was argued that facial displays play more of a role than simply expressing emotion, but are â€Å"ritualized intention movements† that othersRead MoreThe Benefit of Code Switching14750 Words   |  59 PagesTeachers often practice code switching in the classroom for a certain reason, yet on the side of the coin, they encourage their students to respond in straight English. I have observed that there are many instances when a student falls short in his communication, the question of liability is always addressed to his English language teacher (Ugbe amp; Agim, 2009). Even after years of learning the second language, learners still do not achieve the confidence in using the language inside and outside theRead MoreEnglish As A Second Or Foreign Language Essay2126 Words   |  9 Pagesdefined in terms of grammar and vocabulary and being taught predominantly in the mother tongue and through textbook material and grammar exercises† (Zhang Mi, 2010, p. 383; as cited in Wei, 2012). Therefore, the purpose of my project is to use communicative language teaching and cooperative learning approach to enhance EFL learners’ oral proficiency through multimedia. In the literature review, the following three themes are explored: oral proficiency of English language learners, approaches and practices

A Research Study On Stem Cell - 1680 Words

As the smallest unit of life, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonic stem cell also known as pluripotent stem cell is a type of stem cell that has the ability to develop into any cell type of the body. An adult stem cell also known as somatic stem cell and multipotent stem cell, retained from body tissues can only turn into a certain type of cell from the same organ from which it originates. A stem cell is currently one of the hottest topics in the field of biology. Due to its therapeutic uses and so strong treatment solutions t ailor-made to various illnesses, stem cell is regarded as one of the promising fields in biology to many scientists. [1,2,3] Scientists have found and are currently finding numerous uses for stem cells. First of all, scientists learn about the process of diseases adversely weakening or disabling the bodily resistance mechanism by using stem cells. By watching stem cells grow into bones and specialized parts of the body, scientists can better understand how diseases affect parts of the body. Also,Show MoreRelatedA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1644 Words   |  7 PagesStem cell research has covered many parts of research today and is growing progressively and becoming more common in research today. These cells have the potential to grow and develop into any other cell type in the body and form or make up the tissues of the body and organs. There are millions of people today who suffer from birth defects or diseases because of damaged cells or tissue. Stem cells give researchers the ability cure and replace almost all the cells in the body and help grow new tissueRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cel l Research Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesComposition Stem Cell Research According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary a stem cell is â€Å"a simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells (such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.).† There are two types of stem cells, embryonic and adult. The adult stem cells can can be found in brain, bone marrow, blood, etc. The embryonic stem cells come from a four to five day human embryo during the blastocyst phase (Crosta) . The controversy behind the topic usually stems fromRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1324 Words   |  6 Pageslike this. He knows that stem cells could help cure him from his misery, so he has been fighting and fighting for stem cell research to be fully funded in America. Stem cells are cells that have the skill to change into any type of cell in the human body (Lewis). These cells could be put anywhere ill in the body to make it healthy again. Imagine all of the people with chronicle diseases and cancer being able to have hope for being happy and healthy again. Also, these stem cells can fix damaged organsRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research2115 Words   |  9 PagesStem cell research, through its ethics, methods, and funding, has caused great controversy over the past several decades. Scientists, medical specialists, religious groups, spiritual groups, the government and the public have devoted a major interest in this subject. Some portray stem cell research as a dangerous, inhumane study whereas others see it as a growing beneficial factor for opportunity of the advancement of the medical world. Stem cell research has been proven to aid various diseasesRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. Many argue that the use of adult and embryonic cells is unethical and inhumane to society, however, there is one point taken into consideration when making that statement; if researchers could develop a cure for a disease that was affecting a family member of those who oppose itRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research2605 Words   |  11 Pagestruly believe that stem cell research is going to allow our children to look at Alzheimer’s and diabetes and other major diseases the way we look at polio today, which is a preventable disease† (Solomon). Susan Solomon was the researcher that founded the New York Stem Cell Foundation and has been seen as the hero for stem cell scientists around the world. Over the past couple years, stem cell research has been at its highest; scientists all over the world are using these cells to try to find newRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1307 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell research is a controversial, yet fascinating field of study. The examination of stem cells has captivated political, scientific, and public interest for many decades. Therefore, numerous scientific research studies have been done to determine the exact purpose of stem cells, as well as their beneficial properties. Stem cells have been noted as powerful deterrents when studying and fighting against disease. It is understood that almost every cell in a person’s body has one main functionRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1225 Words   |  5 Pages My research about stem cells, I will be talking about what a stem cell is. Why are stem cells important from a medical perspective? How are stem cells being used today? Where do scientists get stem cells? Why is so much controversy over the stem cells? How do es a zygote develop into a baby? Why a zygote is considered a stem cell? A stem cell is an immature cell that can help reproduce different types of cells throughout the body. There are three types of stem cells that I will be focusing on : adultRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research A stem cell is defined as having â€Å"the ability to make specialized cells for various tissues in the body, such as heart muscle, brain tissue, and liver tissue† (umm.edu) Two of the most commonly studied stem cells are adult and embryonic. Adult stem cells are cells that have already became specialized, such as heart or muscle tissue. Embryonic cells on the other hand are still in development. This means that with some modifying, then an embryonic stem cell can develop into almostRead MoreA Brief Study on Stem Cell Research734 Words   |  3 PagesHuman stem cells come from a number of different places including aborted fetuses (whether that is a spontaneous or an induced abortion), stored or extra embryos retrieved from infertility treatment, embryos created for the purposes of research, cell lines that already exist, and taken from peripheral blood or bone marrow (CII Biotech Resource Centre, 2012). When getting informed consent from people whether individuals or couples regarding stem cell research there are a few important points that

Presence of Others’ Effect on Behavior Interpersonal Attraction Free Essays

1- The presence of others can impact people’s behavior in many ways. For example, social facilitation is a process where the presence of others causes you to perform better, but only on tasks that are easy for you; during tasks that are difficult, the presence of others causes you to perform worse. Another way people’s behavior is impacted by the presence of others is social loafing, when people are put into a group to complete a task, each individual will perform less than they would if they were working alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Presence of Others’ Effect on Behavior Interpersonal Attraction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Deindividuation is another example, where being part of a group causes a person to lose their sense of individuality and have a reduction of constraints against deviant behavior. 2- Three factors that increase interpersonal attraction are the matching hypothesis, reciprocity, and the hard-to-get effect. The matching hypothesis states that people are attracted to those who are equal or similar in physical attractiveness; having this balance allows both people to feel deserving of the relationship and stable in it. Reciprocity is an equal exchange of what we give and receive, for example, we like those who like us; if someone is attracted to you and always very nice to you, you’ll like and respond to that by being nice back and potentially being attracted to them as well. The hard-to-get effect is having the tendency to prefer people who are more closed off and selective with their social choices, rather than those who welcome everyone; so if one person is very picky with whom they date and only date few people, and another person will date anyone and everyone, we will try to date the person who is picky so that we feel that sense of accomplishment. How to cite Presence of Others’ Effect on Behavior Interpersonal Attraction, Essay examples

Usefull Online Options to Obtain Income for Students

Usefull Online Options to Obtain Income for Students Many students try to combine their work and study as they need additional income. However, side jobs often have a negative impact on academic achievements. Students work a lot and are tired to do assignments, essays and often postpone with them. It is hard to pay attention to both activities and strike a balance between them. Therefore, an online job is a flexible solution that provides an opportunity to earn money but at the same time does not limit students with strict time binderies. A lot of students opt for online jobs and as a matter of fact, this is quite relevant and demanded sphere. You can try to find options that are more suitable for your skills and interests. Find a Job of Virtual Assistant The job of a virtual assistant is actually similar to the responsibilities of the usual assistant except for the fact the virtual assistant executes all the work online. The responsibilities of the virtual assistant include online research or collecting of information upon the request of the manager. The virtual assistant can also be engaged with arranging websites or emailing with the clients. Everything depends on the manager and company specifics. Become a Content Writer If you are good at writing essays and think pieces, finding a job of the content writer can be a suitable option for you. There is a great variety of options on the market. You can write blogs, emails, product reviews and dozens of other types of content. Be a Transcriptionist This job suits for those who are good at quick typing while listening to audio. Besides, skills of fast typing it is required to know grammar rules and has an excellent command in English. Regarding the financial aspect, transcribers earn a little bit more than content writers. Choose the Occupation of Web Designer The work market is full with the job offers for Web designers. To obtain this position you need some skills of work with corresponding software. This job can include various activities from creating logos to creating sites. If you are obtaining a degree in Computer Science this work option can be suitable for the development of the profession related skills. As you see, there are a lot of great options to work online and almost everyone can find something appropriate. When choosing between offers, try to think about the healthy balance between your study and work not to bring harm to any sphere of your life.

Laura Melveys Male Gaze

Laura Melveys Male Gaze The development of the film industry took an interesting turn after the 1950 especially regarding the development of the female character due to the changes in life style and the way women viewed themselves. The empowered feminine character started appearing in film noir, genre of crime thriller films heavily laden with seduction and erotic undertones (Muller 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Laura Melvey’s Male Gaze specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She played an active role in both the development of the genre and the development of the storylines and the plot. As such many movies producers started focusing on the female character and developed her to fit as one of, if not the key character in film noir. Thus, femme fatale (the fatal woman) was born and would dominate films and stage plays for decades. Femme fatale has been an interesting study by film and literature critics who have come up with interes ting views regarding this phenomenal character. Doane (1991) in her criticism of this character explains that even though femme fatale is seen as a literary image in films, she is an important figure of the representation of truth. She is a symbol of the real woman and their place in the society, whose real self is revealed through the sexual image, which portrays the differences between men and women. Doane further explains that she is the â€Å"representation of the antithesis of the maternal† (1991 p 2). This means that she symbolizes a woman who cannot reproduce either biologically or socially. Film site (2011) adds that this character was a manipulative figure capable of making vulnerable male character compromise greats of odds. She was a vengeful and sadistic anti heroine whose life always ended up in tragedy. One of the greatest criticism of femme fatalism Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema by Mulvey Laura has come under intense criticism from the film critics and t he author herself. Mulvey (1976) uses Freud’s psychoanalytical approach in describing the role of femme fatale charades in film noir. The society is such that it is structured in a patriarchal manner: the male is all powerful while the female is an image of male sexual fantasies. The fatal woman is thus an object that for both the satisfaction of the male character in he film as well as the male audience. The films â€Å"Out of the Past† and â€Å"Gilda† give the reader an opportunity to weight myulveys assumptions about femme fatale. Mulveys argument hold a lot of truth about the nature of the femme fatale and her roles in the development of the film industry, while the criticism by the author herself and other film critics has added useful insights into the subject. Slide share (2011) explains that Mulvey is the originator of the idea of the male gaze developed the idea of the male gaze in her work Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. The concept of the male gaze explains the idea of gazing in three ways: the way men look at women, the way women see themselves and the way the women sees and relates to other women. This concept of the male gaze is feministic and borrows heavily from Freud’s psychoanalytical approach.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sexual fulfillment and desire is the object of motivation and controls the images of the characters in a play to fulfill the desires of the male character. The female character only sees herself as a castrated woman (without a penis) and thus can only be useful in fulfilling a mans sexual desires. As such, she is the symbol of phallocentrism, powerless in a society that is overtly male dominated (Mulvey 1975). Such phallus nature portrays the woman as an object of domination and oppression not only by the male in the film and audience but also a representation of the powerl ess woman in a patriarchal society. She is aware of her lack of a penis and can only â€Å"exist in relation to her castration and cannot transcend it† (1975, 343). Thus, a woman cannot find real meaning other than in the enjoyment of the fact that she is castrated. However, Mulvey (1975) explains that it is within the paradox of the phallic nature that a woman finds her true meaning : the lack of penis is the cause of the phallus status while the desire to make the best out of the situation is what makes a woman derive meaning of life. Such phallocentrism is the signification of a woman’s suffering. The femme fatale in the film Gilda is not without suffering. When Gilda’s husband Mundson â€Å"dies† Johnny, her ex lover and protector, marries her not out of love but for his faith in Mundson. Johnny subjects Gilda to psychological as wells as physical suffering (Dirks 2011; Spiderbaby 2010). Gilda thus portrays the suffering that women have to go through in an overtly and an unapologetically patriarchal society. Such patriarchal tendencies fulfills the desires of the man at the expense of the woman are also exhibit in the film â€Å"Out of the Past.† Kathie is not a woman in freedom. She is constantly running away from her past (a man). In her earlier life she had shot and seriously injured Whit her lover and stole quite a hefty amount of money. Whit wants her back plus the money, a portrayal of how subordinated women are to men (Ebert 2010). Spiderbabay (2010) also explains that Kathie suffers betrayal from a man, her lover Jeff, when he leads her to the police so as to buy his freedom, as such using a woman to achieve his personal wishes to freedom. The biggest crime in the film is â€Å"not murder or stealing the money but betrayal† (Morris 2011) As Mulvey (1975) notes, the phallocentric approach (where women are aware of the weaknesses they are exposed to as a result of their penile deficiency) only reduces the wom an to an object of desire for men. The fatal woman in a film or stage play is thus propped in such a way that the male can have a proper gaze at her and fulfill his sexual desire. She is crafted in way that only portrays her sexual prowess and her power to seduce men, both the film characters and the audience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Laura Melvey’s Male Gaze specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This desire is usually fulfilled by gazing at women characters. The male gaze is enhanced by several camera techniques, which focus on certain parts of the woman body. The focus is intended to drive the attention of the male towards that particular part of the body. Not any part of the female body is subject to focus. The camera only focuses on the various body part and behavioral traits that arouse and fulfill sexual desire in the male characters and the male audience. As such, the objectification of the woman is further achieved through compartmentalization of her body into sexual and non sexual parts (Barnes n.d.). Such trait is seen through the main character Gilda in the movie going by the same title. Gilda is a flirt who plays mid games with both the male characters and the male audience in an erotic and seductive way. The male gaze is directed at her provocative flirtation and seduction techniques. Gilda intentionally flirts with other men to make Johnny jealous (Dirks 2011). At one time in the film, Gilda does a striptease in on stage, in full view of the patrons at the club. This is a sexually provocative action that the cameras focus on to enhance the male gaze and fulfill the sexual desire of the male. Such acts have an effect both to the male audience as well as to the male characters in the film such as Johnny who in rage slaps Gilda for performing indecent acts in public. Later and out of the effect of that act Johnny confesses his love to Gilda (Spiderbaby 2010). Thus the two f ilms have exemplifies Mulveys theory that a woman is an objects subject to a males gaze for his sexual fulfillment. In further defining the male gaze mulvey explains that the man is the one who bears the ‘look’ while the woman only bears the image. As such ‘the pleasure of looking is divided into two: the active male gaze, and the passive female gaze (1975, p. 346). The active male gaze is the dominant gaze while the female has to be figured and structured appropriately to enhance her to-be-looked-at-ness. To-be-looked-at-ness is a very strong visual sexual symbol and is displayed through a series of erotic acts such as striptease [as exemplified by Gilda (Spiderbaby 2010)]. This kind of erotism makes a woman an indispensable character and spectacle in film noir. As such, femme fatale becomes an alien intrusion into the plot and thus a deviation from the normal script and storyline. Morris (2011) explains that Kathie is part of the lethal triangle that also includ es Jeff and her former lover Whit.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The story line is initially focused on recovering Whit’s $ 40000 stolen by his ex lover Kathie. However, Whit hire Jeff, an ex sleuth and the two, jefff and Kathie, fall in love and start an affair. Kathie and her new lover have to live on the run, running away from Whit who still wants to recover his money. This love affair thus becomes a considerable deviation from the sleuth work that the film was initially built on. It this becomes a story of Whits fatal obsession with Kathie, which finally makes the film, looses the initial theme (Mills 2007). The film Gilda also exemplifies Mulveys assertion that femme fatales are an erotic diversion from the films main story line. The film has a Mafioso inclination and the main character Mundson, is the owner of a casino and has connection to the underground mafia world. Mudson introduces Gilda as his wife and because of his lack of trust for her, asks Johnny, her former romantic partner, the roles of keeping an eye on her. Thus is the beginning of a love triangle as Johnny and Gilda rekindle their romantic flame. This is the point that love, romance and seduction take over and the film looses connection with the mafia world. Even though Mundson fakes his death to dissociate himself with the mafia his faked death is literary more significant to the love triangle. Mulvey (1975) adds that such diversion by the femme fatale from the main course off the story line does not make her significantly important as a person, rather t is what she provokes in the male character and audience that matters (347). Therefore, it is the sexual objectification of the woman and the gratification of the male character and the male audience by gazing at the sex object signified in a woman on stage that matters. The fatal woman has no importance in herself either to the film or to the audience. It is what she represents that counts. The male character is not subject to sexual objectification and as such is the important figure that cont rols desires and erotic nature of the woman. The male characters in the film are able to identify with what the audience is feels about the and thus part of its search and realization of sexual fulfillment. As such the male ceases to be an object of sexual desire but the power that controls the desire. Femme fatales sexually explicit behavior is thus as a result of such power by the man to control the way she behaves. The audience thus sees this power to control sexual desire through the woman (Mulvey 1975). However, the film Gilda put this notion under the perils of validity test. Gilda the main character is a dangerous and seductive woman who performs seductive acts such as flirting with other men and strip teasing so as to make Johnny her secret lover jealous. This evokes a very strong sense of attraction in Johnny towards Gilda (Spiderbabay 2010). Therefore instead of Johnny controlling the sexual desired as Mulvey suggests, he becomes the victim of such desire in which its powe r lies with femme fatale, rather than him. Film noir focuses on sexualisation of the female character, the symbolization of femme fatale as the object of sexual fulfillment to the male character and audience, thus masculining the audience (Mulvey 1975). This means that the film is only useful to men and this article does not tale care of the spectator who has tendencies towards both male and female sexuality. However in â€Å"Afterthought to Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema† Mulvey (1983) argues that the original intention was to celebrate the masculine culture of the spectator but this kind of spectator includes both men and women. It is possible to have women who are not particularly keen on having a sexual identify on the screen. This change of stance in the masculinisation of the female character is as a result of the fact that things have moved on and the way a woman carries herself has drastically changed (Mulvey 1985). Skjerdal,(1997) agrees with this new line of t hought and further adds that the masculinisation of the audience and the objectification of the female character in film noir is leaves the woman without any identify as it only describes her in relations to a mans desire. This also means that the woman is just a â€Å"bearer of meaning but not its maker† (Despotopoulou, 2004). However, the film Gilda gives the viewer an opportunity to contend this view. Gilda the main character posses an overwhelming power of seduction over the male character in the film. So powerful is her power of seduction that she chooses and owns the men who seduces her. Thus Gilda is a woman â€Å"knows her power over men and that she is the real definition of intoxicating sassiness† (Stevens 2009). Such power over men thus proves that the fatal woman is not just an embodiment of the male’s sexual desire but has made deliberate effort to develop her sexual identity, a tool she uses to her own advantage. Thus this film put Mulvey’s idea of lack of identity of femme fatale at great peril. Laura Mulvey’s Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema† offers some insight into the mysterious and almost mystical character of femme fatale. It supposes that this mysterious character is the creation of men for their own benefit. She is an object of sexual fulfillment. The male gazes at her and thus gains much sexual gratification. Such approach ha borrowed heavily from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical approach. It denies the woman the power to make her own identity. A political tool portrays the manner in which the way the society is structured to be dominated by men. However it does not answer to all questions as it does not take care of the part of the audience that has homosexual orientation (Rucas 2003). The idea does not also address the place of the female character and audience who is not a forced object of sexual symbolism but who likes and enjoys to be looked at. As such, weaknesses are ignored and need attention. Reference List Barnes, E., n.d. Laura Mulveys male gaze: Looking at film through the eyes of a man [Online] Available at freewebs.com/elizabethbarnes/index.htm   Despotopoulou, A., 2004. Fanny’s gaze and the construction of feminine space in  mansfield park† Modern Language Review ed. 99: 569-583. Dirks, T., 2011. Gilda (1946) [Online] Available at. filmsite.org/gild.html Doane, M., 1991. Femmes fatales: feminism, film theory psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge Ebert, R., 2004. Out of the Past (1947) [Online] Available at http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20040718/REVIEWS08/407180301/1023 Mills, M., 2007. Out of the past. Online] Available at moderntimes.com/past/. Morris, G., 2011. High Gallows Jacques Tourneurs Out of the Past. [Online] Available at brightlightsfilm.com/29/outofthepast.html Mulvey, L., 1985. Changes, Discourse. pp 11 30. Muller, E., 2006. Film Noir. Green Cine podcast. [Online] Available at greencine.c om/static/primers/noir.jsp Mulvey, L., 1985. Afterthoughts on ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema,’† Feminist Film Theory. Sue Thoruham (ed.), NY: New York University Press, pp.31-40 [Online] Available at scribd.com/doc/17220483/Afterthoughts-on- Visual-Pleasure-and-Narrative-Cinema Mulvey, L., 1975. Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Durham and Kellner Media and cultural studies ed., Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Rucas, P., 2003. The male gaze, homosexualization, and James Bond Films [Online] Available at angelfire.com/film/articles/bond.htm. Skjerdal, T., 1997. Laura Mulvey against the grain: a critical assessment of the  psychoanalytic feminist approach to film. Centre for Cultural and Media Studies, University of Natal ed. [Online] Available at. oocities.org/capitolhill/2152/mulvey.htm Slide share, 2011. The male gaze Laura Mulvey Presentation Transcript [Online] Available at slideshare.net/fleckneymike/the-male-gaze-laura-mulvey   Spiderbaby, L., 2010. Evil as admirable: the femme fatale in the eyes of the  contemporary female spectator. [Online] Available at   http://sbhonesty.blogspot.com/2010/11/evil-as-admirable-femme-fatale-in-eyes.html Stevens , S., 2009. Embrace your inner Goddess [Online] Available at http://goddesspower978.wordpress.com/tag/seductress/

Nobody Makes Bad Progress

Nobody Makes Bad Progress Nobody Makes â€Å"Bad Progress† Nobody Makes â€Å"Bad Progress† By Maeve Maddox Three times during a radio interview, a White House spokesman stated that something was â€Å"making good progress.† It occurred to me how often I hear the expression â€Å"good progress† uttered by politicians and administrators of various stripes. We are making good progress towards introducing a bill that will advance that goal.- A US senator. U.S. Department of Education Secretary Arne Duncan acknowledged that [our state] is making good progress on our Race to the Top plans.- A state governor. We have been making good progress in three important areas.- A school principal. FTA is making good progress on developing more detailed guidance on which we will seek comment in the near future.- An FTA spokesman. The word progress, both noun and verb, derives from the Latin verb progredi: â€Å"to go forward, proceed, advance.† The English noun progress is defined as â€Å"the process of a series of actions through time.† As a verb, progress means, â€Å"to proceed, advance,† â€Å"to follow an expected course or pattern.† â€Å"Good progress† is bureaucratic-speak. It sounds good without meaning anything. It’s enough to say, â€Å"The FTA is making progress on developing more detailed guidance.† Progress may be rapid, slow, encouraging, delayed, or uncertain, but to say it is good is to pad language. â€Å"Good progress† is often accompanied by other meaningless phrases like â€Å"in the near future,† and â€Å"grounds for optimism.† Ordinary speakers may be forgiven for using the occasional clichà ©, but politicians and others who wish to advance themselves by swaying public opinion should be aware that coming from them, â€Å"good progress† signals a desire to avoid specifics. Note: The pronunciation of progress differs, according to whether it is used as a noun or as a verb. progress (noun): PRAH-gres (American); PRO-gres (British) progress (verb): pruh-GRES Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Homogeneous vs. HeterogeneousPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism